Resources

What is Dyslexia? 

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability characterized by difficulties in word reading and/or spelling that involve accuracy, speed, or both and vary depending on the orthography. These difficulties occur along a continuum of severity and persist even with instruction that is effective for the individual’s peers. The causes of dyslexia are complex and involve combinations of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental influences that interact throughout development. Underlying difficulties with phonological and morphological processing are common but not universal, and early oral language weaknesses often foreshadow literacy challenges. Secondary consequences include reading comprehension problems and reduced reading and writing experience that can impede growth in language, knowledge, written expression, and overall academic achievement. Psychological well-being and employment opportunities also may be affected. Although identification and targeted instruction are important at any age, language and literacy support before and during the early years of education is particularly effective.”

Adopted by the IDA Board of Directors on October 22, 2025. For more detailed context, please visit the 2025 IDA Definition Explanation, which includes the IDA Definition Presentation. The 2002 Definition Consensus Project remains available as a historical reference. 

What Does That Mean?

Dyslexia is a learning difference that makes reading and spelling harder, especially doing them quickly and accurately. It’s caused by differences in how the brain processes language and can run in families. Some children may show early signs, like trouble with speech or recognizing sounds in words. Without support, it can affect reading, writing, and confidence. But with the right help—especially early on—children with dyslexia can succeed and do very well in school. 

The list of resources acts as a guideline for parents, teachers, and students. This list does not necessarily indicate an endorsement for any one agency/site/product over another, although varied opinions exist about many available options. Learning Fundamentals Educational Therapy & Consulting continues to research products and services that are best aligned with the professional practices of the agency. Please use discretion and due diligence when determining the best resource fit for your and your student’s needs.